Apparatus for hardness testing



July 27, 1937. 'J. GOGAN APPARATUS FOR HARDNESS TESTING Filed Nov. 7,1954 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

v @Wm w Patented July 27, 1937 UNITED STATES APPARATUS FOR HARDNESSTESTING L Joseph Gogan, Lakewood, Ohio Application November 7, 1934,Serial No. 751,867

11 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for hardness testing and, as one ofits objects, aims to provide an improved hardness testing machine ofvery compact and economical construction and which is very efficient andreliable in operation.

Another object of this invention is to provide a testing machine, of thetype referred to, having novel means for holding a test piece such thaterrors, due to deflection of the test piece by the anvil and deflectionin the frame and other parts of the testing apparatus, will besubstantially eliminated from the test reading.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved testingapparatus, of the type referred to, wherein novel means is employed formount ing the test spindle, or other parts of the apparatus, formovement substantially without friction.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel testingmachine, of the type referred to, wherein a test load of definite valuepresses a penetrator against a test piece for testing the surfacehardness thereof, and wherein means is provided for applying anincreased test load to the penetrator for testing the sub-surfacehardness of the test piece.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved hardnesstesting machine, wherein the rate of application of the test load isregulated by a hydraulic check embodying means for maintaining theresistance fluid thereof at a substantially uniform temperature.

Other. objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, wherein,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a testing machine constructed accordingto my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine with parts thereof broken awayto more clearly show the mechanism of the machine.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the machine taken as indicated byline 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional plan view taken as indicated by line 4-4of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view taken as indicated by line 5-5 of Fig.2, and

Fig. 6 is a partial sectional elevation taken through a testing machinesimilar to that of Fig.

one

form of the hardness testing machine of my invention, but it will beunderstood, of course, that the invention is not to be regarded aslimited to the particular form of machine herein illustrated but may beembodied in various other arrangements and devices.

In general, the improved testing machine of my invention is of the typewherein a test load of definite value causes a penetrator to be pressedintoa test piece, and the depth of penetration caused by the test loadis taken as an indication of the hardness of the piece being tested. Aswill be explained more fully hereinafter, my improved testing machineembodies means whereby the penetration reading of the gauge is renderedsubstantially independent of error factors, such as have heretofore beencaused by stretch or deflection in the frame and parts of the testingmachine and by distortion of the test piece other than that producedbythe penetrator itself. It will be understood further from the followingdescription that my improved testing machine provides for theaccomplishment of a hardness test substantially without friction in thetesting mechanism and that, as a very important feature, my inventionprovides for the testing of the surface hardness of a body and thetesting of the sub-surface hardness of the body as a continuation of thesurface hardness test.

As shown in the drawings, my improved hardness testing machine may beprovided with a frame comprising a lower section or base H and an uppersection or housing part I 2. The basev Il may be of any suitable form ofconstruction and provides a support for the housing part l2 and for thework, which in this instance is represented by the test piece l3. Thebase may be provided with a work supporting member in the form of avertically adjustable screw [4, which is arranged to extend throughopenings of the base and through the hub of the hand wheel [5. The hubofthis wheel is threaded toform a nut for the screw I4 and is retainedin a recess l6 of the base so that the screw may be adjusted or loweredby rotation of the handwheel. The work support may also include asuitable anvil I! which is provided at the upper end of the screw andupon which the test piece l3 may be laid.

The upper section l2 of the frame is of hollow construction, as shown inthe drawings, to provide both a housing and a support for the testingmechanism. This housing section is constructed with spaced side walls l9and 20, between which the testing mechanism is arranged, and thespacebetween the side walls is closed at one end of the housing sectionbymeans of the cover 2|.

The

housing section may be of any desired size or shape, but is preferablyconstructed and arranged so that when mounted on the base II, a portionof the housing section will be disposed above the work supporting screwl4. The side walls l9 and 20 of the housing section are also preferablyextended laterally near the top of the machine to form the hollowextension 2|" which accommodates a part of the testing mechanism andwhich also provides an abutment or stop 22 for a purpose to behereinafter explained. I 11 j My improved'tes'ting machine is providedwith a substantially vertically disposed test bar or spindle 23, whichis vertically movable in the housing section l2 and which is disposedabove and in substantial axial alignment with thework supporting screw|4. My improved t'e'stingnz'ia'ichine is also provided with apenetrator25, ar-'- ranged to engage the test piece and to transmitsupplied through thereto the test load which is the test spindle 23.

The penetratormay ranged in'various ways, for example, it may, asshown-in this instance, .be;constructed with a head 26, having a conicalworkcontacting portion 2|-,provided with a diamond point and a shank28for removably mounting the penetrator in a supportingpart-suchasthehollow bushing 29. Itwill be understoodpof course, that thepenetrator may have a contact portion which is of other than conicalshape, for example, it may havea contact portion in the form of theusual Brinellball. vIn this instance they penetrator 25 isjcarried bythe test spindle 23, and to this end 2.9 is removably mounted. 1

v For mounting the test spindle 23.for movement inthe frame section |2substantially without friction, T provide anovel arrangementinvolvingthe "usebf flexible supportingand guidmg members 32- and 33. .These.-members maybe "constructed" in the formof strips of sheet metal and arear-' ranged with one end thereof connected to thetest spindle and theirother ends connected to some part of theframe section, such as thecover2|-.:

oints; thecmember 32 being, the lower member and-.connected- 1to thespindle adjacent the lower end, thereof, a nd the member 33 being theupper member which ,is connected to the spindle adjacentitsupper end.

.As a suitable means for connecting the members 32 and 33 ,with the testspindle and cover, these members may have their ends connected toanchorblocks 35by,means of screws 36, which anchor blocks are inmturnconnected to the spindle. andcover by suitable screws'3l-or the like.From the arrangementjust described it will be seen. that the, members 32and .33 form a supporting and guiding means-for the test spindle 2 3-,and that movement'of the spindle relative to the testv piece supportingscrew |4 ispermitted by flexing of the sheet metal strips. Since each ofthese sheet metal stripsis disposed in a plane which is substantiallynormalto the axis of the spindle, as shown in the drawings, the,strips-willproper alignment withthe axis of the screw, yet

permitting free vertical "movement of the spindle alon that axis. I I

; ."9 limit ewnward movementlof the spindle be constructed and ,ar-

and thus prevent this member from dropping out of position, I constructthe spindle with a stem portion 38 which extends through an opening inthe top wall of the housing section l2 and provide a nut 39 or otherretaining member on this stem portion. The retaining member 39 willengage the top wall of the housing section l2 and thus prevent the testspindle 23 from dropping out of position.

For supplying a test load to the spindle 23 and to thepenetrator 25 Iprovide test load supplying means which includes a compound leverarrange- ,ment consisting of levers 40 and 4|. The lever 40 has its end42 fulcrumed adjacent the spindle 23 and is arranged with its axisextending substantially normal to and intersecting the axis of the testspindle. To permit of this arrangement the. test spindle 23 may beconstructed with a suitable opening 43 near the upper end thereofthrough which the end 42 of the lever 40 extends. The end 42 of thelever, 40 may be fulcrumed'on the housing. section 2 by employing.afstrip of flexible sheet metal 44, one end of which is secured to thehousing section as by means of aclamping block-'45 andyscrews. 46, andthe other end of which is connected with the lever'end in a similarmanner.

1 -An operative connection between the lever 40 and the test; spindle 23may be established by means of another strip 41 of flexible sheet metal,one end of which is connected to the spindle above the opening 43, asindicated at 48, and the other end of which is connected to the lever.vTo permit the strip 41 to normally lie substantially on the axis of thetest spindle 23, I construct the lever-40 with an opening 49 therein,into which The lower the lower end of the. strip extends. end of thestrip may be connected to the leverby suitable clamping means 50,similar to that already described. r

The outer or free end of the lever 40 may be pro-. videdwithalug 5| towhich a weight. 52 of suit able value may be pivoted or otherwiseconnected. From thearrangement just described it will be seen that theload which is applied to the outer end of the lever by the weight 52will: be

transmitted to the test spindle .23 through the flexible-metal strip 4The lever 4| cooperates :with the lever 40 for supplying a test load of:increased value tothe' spindle 23, and maybe arranged with its end 53fulcrumed on theframe .of themachine at the side thereof opposite thaton which the fulcrum is provided for the lever. 40. The fulcrum for thelever 4| maybe formed by'a' strip 54 of flexible provided between thelever 4l-and the outerend of the lever 40. This connection may include astrip err-link 58 of flexible sheet metal or other suitable materialwhich extends through-an opening 59 provided in thelever4 this stripisconnectedto an anchor block 60, as

indicated at 6|, and the anchor. block is, in-turn,

secured to the lever 40 by means of screws 62.

Thej-lower end of the strip 58extends through a slot 63 provided in thelever 40 adjacent the outer end thereof andis-secured-to anchor block64, which is loosely seated in a recess 65 of the latterlever. The slot63 extends between laterally. projecting fingers 63" andcommunicateswith ptheLrecess B5. Thes-block 64 isvertically The upperend of shiitable in the recess 65 for a purpose to be explainedhereinafter, and may be retained in such recess by one or more screws 66extending through slotted openings 61 which communicate with the recess.The block 64 is constructed of greater length than the strip 58 is wideso that the ends of the block project laterally beneath the fingers 83.While the strip 58 is flexible in character it will be understood ofcourse that it has sufficient -material and may be of any desired shape.{'20 stiffness to act as a compression member and to transmit force fromthe lever 4| to the lever 4 without buckling.

In order that the increased test load which is supplied by the lever 4|may have a definite value, I provide a weight 10 which is carried by thefree end H of the lever. This weight may be considerably heavier thanthe weight 52 of the lever 40, and may be constructed of any suitable Inthis instance the weight is constructed with a solid lower part 12 andwith spaced arms 13 extending upwardly therefrom. The space between thearms '|3 accommodates certain parts of the testing mechanism, such asthe lever 40 and the end ll of the lever 4|. The lever end may beconnected to the arms of the weight by means of a pivot pin 14 whichextends through these parts.

' into the test piece slowly and uniformly rather than by impact orsudden movement. To this end the actuating means which serves to lift--the weights also serves to regulate the downerably in the form of theroller 16.

is supported upon and driven by a shaft 11 which ward movement of theweights. This means may include a rotary cam 15 and a cam follower,pref- The cam 15 may be supported on the frame of the machine by beingmounted in bearings I8 and 19 that are carried, respectively, by thecover plates 80 and 8|. The cam follower H5 is pivoted to the lower endof a vertically reciprocable slide 82 which is operable in a guide track83 carried by the cover plate 8|. The slide 82 may be retained in theguide track by means of a cover plate 84 having an opening 84 throughwhich a projection 85 of the slide extends. The projection 85 may beconstructed as a bar or pin having one end thereof extending into anopening 86 of the slide and retained therein by welding or other means.

A separable connection is provided between the projection 85 of theslide and the lever end 1|, so

" as to insure the full load of the weight 10 being applied to the lever4|. This separable connection may include a push rod 81, the upper endof which is pivoted to the lever 4| and the lower end of which isprovided with fork arms 88 which engage and straddle the slideprojection 85. Rotation may be imparted to the shaft 11 by any suitablepower means and, if desired, the actuation may be a manual one byproviding a hand crank 89 which is keyed or otherwise secured to theshaft.

For indicating the hardness of the test piece, I provide an improvedarrangement of indicating mechanism which accurately measures the extentthe penetrator 21 is forced into the test piece. This indicatingmechanism includes a.

- gauge 90 which is mounted upon a gauge support 9|. The gauge support9| is movable relative to the frame of the machine and-also relative tothe test spindle 23, and during the making of a hardness test the gaugesupport rests upon the test piece.

The shape of the gauge support may be varied as may berequired by thedesign or service of theImachine of which it forms a part. In thisinstance the gauge support is an elongated member of substantiallychannel-like cross-section.

The gauge support is arranged on the machine" lower end with a contactportion in the form of a cap 93. This cap is secured to the gaugesupport as by screws or other means and has a hollow extension 94 intowhich the penetrator 25extends.

To provide for movement of the gauge sup-port substantiallyindependently of frictional contact with the test spindle or other partsof the machine, I employ a pair of flexible sheet metal strips 91 and 98similar to the previously described strips 32 and 33. The lower strip 9!has one end thereof secured to an anchor block'99 which is, in turn,secured to the lower end of the gauge support and its other end issecured to an anchor block I which is, in turn, secured to the coverplate 2|. The upper strip 98 has one end thereof secured to the upperend of the" gauge support, as indicated at |0|, and its other endsecured to the cover plate 2|, as indicated at I02. The strips 91 and 98provide a mounting for the gauge support which permits the latter tomove relatively freely in the vertical direc-" tion, but which preventsany tilting or lateral movement. To avoid interference between the strip98 and the weight 52, the latter may have an opening of suitable sizethrough which the strip extends.

Movement of the gauge support in an upward direction is limited, for apurpose tobe hereinafter explained, by means of the abutment face 22 ofthe frame with which the upper end I03 of the gauge support cooperates.movement of the gauge support may also be limited to prevent the latterfrom dropping out of position. Any suitable limiting means may beprovided for this purpose, such as the elongated bolt I04 which isarranged with the head there-- of immediately below the lug I ofthe'gauge support soas to form a stop.

Distortion or penetration'of the test piece is measured or indicatedduring the making of a test by the relative movement which takes placebetween the test spindle 23 and the gauge support 9|. This relativemovement is caused to act upon the gauge 90 by reason of the gaugeactuating stem |0'| cooperating with the adjustable contact |08 of abracket I09 carried by the test spindle. The bracket I09 is accommodatedDownward-.-

by an opening 0 formed in the gauge support The gauge itself may be anysuitable gauge which will accurately measure movement in thousandths ofan inch or other appropriate increments. The gauge is preferably of thetype'having a pointer l which is actuated in one direction byinward'movement of its stem I01 and in the other direction by a springcontained in. the housing of the gauge. This gauge also has a rotatablerim 2 by means of which the face of the dial bearing the indications 3may be rotated or adjusted relative to the pointer For preventing theWeights 52 and I0 from inaccurate test, I provide a check device I5,which, as explained above, would result in an I I which acts upon thetest load supplyingmecha- .nism. This check device, as best shown in"Fig.

2 of the drawings, is provided with a housing H6 containing a cylinder III and a fluid reservoir II8. .Fluid is supplied from the reservoir tothe cylinder through an opening I I9 and is returned from the cylinderto the reservoir through an .with a cross-bar I26, the ends of which areconnected tothe ends of the pivot pin I4 by means of rods I21. The checkdevice offers little or no resistance to upward movement of the weightI0, but the downward movement of the weight is retarded and timed by thedash-pot action produced as the result of the restricted flow of fluidthrough the piston opening I25.

To eliminate the effects which would be produced by changes in theviscosity of the resistance reservoir fluid of the checkdevice, Iprovide means for maintaining the resistancefluid at a substantiallyuniform temperature. This means may, as shown in the drawings, comprisean electric heater I30 which is arranged adjacent some suitable portionof the check device, such as beneath the H8 and a thermostatic switchI3I. The thermostatic switch is alsoisuitably located on the checkdevice as adjacent the reservoir and is suitably connected with theelectric heater I30 and with the source of current supply. Thethermostatic switch automatically controls the supply of heat to theresistance fluid by the electric heater and thus maintains theresistance fluid at a substantially uniform temperature, such that theresistance to flow of the fluid through restriction I25 will not beaffected or variedas the result of temperature changes in the room orbuilding in which the testing machine is located.

In the operation of my improved testing ma- .chine, the crank 89 isfirst rotated to theextent that the weights .52 and'Ifl are held in anelevated position by the cam. I5. A body to be tested, such as the testpiece I3, is laid upon the anvil I1 and by rotation of the hand wheel I5the screw is elevated to bring the test piece into engagement with thecontact portion 94 of the gauge support. Further rotation of the .handwheel I5 causes the gauge support to be lifted by the test piece untilthe upper end I03 .tance, the weights 52 and I0 are lowered to the..extent thattheloadof. the weight 52' is applied to the penetratorthrough the lever 40 and the .test spindle 23. At. this. time,.that isto say,

surface material of the test piece.

I the anvil and the gauge support.

' the fiexible'strip 41.

. being lowered too rapidly byrotation of the cam while the load of theweight 52 and lever 40 is appliedto thepenetrator, theload of the weight10 and thelever 4| is supported by the cam andis prevented from beingtransmitted to. the

lever 40 by the lost motion connection provided.v between the outer endof the lever 40 and the lever 4|. In other words, when the test load ofthe weight 52 and the lever 40 is acting on the penetratorthe block 64is, so to speak, floating in the recess of the outer end of the lever40, and no load is being transmitted to this lever from the lever 4 I.

The application of the load provided by the weight 52 and the lever 40to the penetrator causes the latter tobe pressed into the test:

piece I3 for a definite distance which is commensurate'with the value ofthe test load. This penetration of the test piece causes relativemovement to occur between the spindle 23 and the gauge support 9|, andthis relative movement actuates the gauge through the bracket I09 andthe gauge stem ,I0I.

The value of the weight 52 is so selected with respect to the characterof the test piece I3 that the load supplied by the weight and the lever40 will cause only surface penetration of the test piece, and hence thereading obtained from. the gauge upon the application of this test loadis an indication of the surface hardness of the test piece. 1

After. the testing of the surface hardness of the piece, as justexplained, the testing operation is continued as a sub-surface test ofthe piece. In the continuation of the test the operator first ..rotatesthe rim 2 of thegauge to bring'the.

zero indication beneath the pointer I II. The operator then moves thehand crank 89 further in the same direction to cause further rotation ofthe cam I5. This further rotation of the cam allows the lever end II andthe weight I0 to bem through the lever and the test spindle. 23 and;

causes the penetrator to be forced into the sub- This further movementof the penetrator is indicated by the pointer of the gauge and may betaken as an indication of the sub-surface hardness of the piece being.tested.

After observing the gauge reading for the subsurface hardness of thetest piece the operator rotates the hand crank 89 further to cause thecam I5 to lift the weights I0 and 52, thereby re moving-the test loadfrom the- .penetrator.

. Thereafter the operator rotates the hand wheel I5 in a direction tolower the screw I4 which permits the test piece I3 to be removed frombetween In Fig. 6 of the drawings I have shown a slightlydifierentarrangement for the mounting of the lever 40, wherein the leverend, 42' is fulcrumed on the frame portion 2| by means of the flexiblemetal strip 44'., and the lever end is connected to the test spindle 23'by means of In this arrangement it will be noted that downward swingingmovement, of the lever 40. upon the fulcrum formed by the strip 44' willresult in. the strips44 and 4'! being placed under compression duringthemaking of a test instead of being in tensionas they would-bein thearrangement of .Fig. 2.

. From the foregoing description-and thenaccompan ing drawings it will Inow begreadily'seen .75

that I'have provided avery compact and efficient form' of testingmachine by means of which the surface hardness as well as thesub-surface hardness of -a test piece can be accurately tested. It

,will also be noted that the sub-surface hardness test can be carriedout as a continuation of the surface test without requiring extensiveresetting or adjustment of the machine nor removal of the test piece.From the testing machine arrange rrient herein disclosed it will -alsobe seen that 'the test readings obtained from the gauge aresubstantially'independent of errors which would otherwise be produced bydeflection or bending of the test piece 'or by the presence of dirt be-*tween thetest piece and the anvil, or by stretch or distortionoccurring in the frame or other parts. of the machine. It will beobserved furthermore that my improved testing machine provides for aclamping and holding of the test "pieceduring the making of the surfaceand subsurface hardness tests, and that the movement of the test spindleand various other parts of the machine takes place substantially withoutfriction by reason of the novel form of connection provided between themoving members. It will also be observed that my improved testingmachine embodies a novel form of check device by means of which the rateof application of the test load is very accurately regulatedindependently 'of temperature changes.

While I have illustrated and described the improved testing apparatus ofmy invention in a detailed manner, it will be understood, of course,that I do not wish to be limited to the precise details of constructionand arrangements of parts herein disclosed, but regard my invention asincluding such changes and modifications as do not involve a departurefrom the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In testing apparatus the combination of a frame, a pair of membersmovable relative to said frame and to each other, means for limitingmovement of one of said members in one direction, a movable supportadapted to cooperate with said one member for clamping a test piecetherebetween, test load supplying means having operative connection withthe other of said members, a penetrator carried by said other member,and test piece distortion indicating means comprising a gauge carried bysaid one member and a gauge actuator carried by said other member.

2. In testing apparatus the combination of a frame, a hollow gaugesupport movable relative to the frame, means on the frame for limitingmovement of the gauge support in one direction, a gauge on said gaugesupport, test load supplying means including a spindle movable in saidgauge support, means cooperating with said gauge support for clamping atest piece therebetween, a penetrator arranged to engage the test pieceand to transmit the test load thereto, and means carried by said spindlefor actuating said gauge.

3. In testing apparatus the combination of a frame, a hollow gaugesupport movable relative to the frame, means on the frame for limitingmovement of the gauge support in one direction, a gauge on said gaugesupport, test load supplying means including a spindle movable in saidgauge support, means cooperating with said gauge support for clamping atest piece therebetween, a penetrator on said spindle for engagementwith the test piece, and means on said spindle for causing said gauge toindicate the penetration of the test piece.

4'. Inf-testing apparatus the combination of a frame, a hollow gau'gesupport movable relative to the frame, means on. the=frame for limitingmovement of the gauge support in one direction,"

a gauge on'said gauge support,"test load supplying means including aspindle movable in said gauge support, meanscooperating withisaid gaugesupport for clamping a test piece therebetween, a

penetrator-on said spindle for engagement with-- the test piece, saidgauge.- support having 'an' opening therein adjacent the gauge, andmeans on said spindleextending through said opening for actuating saidgauge.

'5, In testing apparatus'the' combination of a frame, anelongatedisubstantially vertically dis;

posed-movable gauge support, 'a' stop on said frame for limiting upwardmovement of the gauge support,'a gauge on-said support, test load supplying means including a substantially vertically I disposed movablespindle adjacent said gauge sup-- port, substantially verticallyadjustable means on said frame adapted to cooperate with said gaugesupport for clamping a test piece therebetween, a

to transmit the test load thereto, and means carried by said spindle foractuating-said gauge.

-6; In testing apparatus the combination of a' frame, a pair of membersmovable relative-to each other and to said frame, one of said membersbeing an elongated hollow part and the other being a spindle disposed insaid hollow part, means mounting said members on said frame to permitsaid relative movement to take place substantially without frictioncomprising a pair of spaced flexible metal strips having connection withsaid hollow part and the frame and a second such pair of strips havingconnection with said spindle and the frame, test load supplying meanshaving operative connection with said spindle, a penetrator arranged toengage a test piece and to transmit the test load thereto, and meansresponsive to relative movement between said members for indicating testpiece penetration.

7. In testing apparatus the combination of a supporting member, a membermovable relative to the supporting member, a penetrator associated withone of said members for engagement with a test piece, a lever havingoperative connection with said movable member, means for loading saidlever to a definite value to test the surface hardness of said testpiece, a second lever, means for loading said second lever to a definitevalue for testing the sub-surface hardness of the test piece, and a linkproviding an operative connection between said levers, said link havingconnection with the first mentioned lever adjacent an end thereof andconnection with an intermediate portion of said second lever, one ofsuch connections of the link being a lost motion connection whereby thesurface and sub-surface test loads may be applied in succession with theload of the first mentioned lever acting through such leversubstantially independently of the second lever and the load of thesecond lever subsequently acting through both the second lever and thefirst mentioned lever.

8. In testing apparatus the combination of a supporting member, a membermovable relative to the supporting member, a penetrator associated withone of said members for engagement with a test piece, a lever havingoperative connection with said movable member, means for loading saidlever to a definite value to test the surface hardness of said testpiece, a second lever, means for loading said second lever to a definitevalue for testing the sub-surface'hardness of the'test piece, andimeansproviding a lost-motion connection between said levers-whereby thesurface and subsurface testloadsrare applied to the test piece in;successionand-with the loadof said second lever acting through thefirst'mentionedlever,

9.-In testing apparatus the-combination of a frame, a pair of membersmovable relative to each other and to said frame, one of said membersbeing-an' elongated hollow part and the other being a spindle disposedin said hollow part, means mounting said members-on'said frame to permit1 said relative movement comprising a pair of substantially parallelflexible metal strips having connection with saidhollow part and theframe and a second'pair of' substantially parallel stripshavingconnection with the spindle and the frame,

connection with said spindle, one end of said lever being fulcrumed onthelframeat one side oifthe spindle and having itsother end extending011121 wardly at the other-side of the spindle, asecondu-a leverfulcrumed on the frame at a point relativelyr:

remote from the spindle and having: an end-there 5 of extending towardthe spindlegmeansfor-apfi plying a load to said other endof thefirst-men-r: tioned lever, means for applying a load to said i: end ofthe second lever, and means'providingzaz lost motion connection betweenthe second levers-102'! and said other end of'the first mentioned lever.

11. In testing apparatus the combination-.of az frame having a testpiece support thereon-,a spin-r dle mounted on saidframe formovementntowardo and from said support, said spindle having: an riltiaropening therein, a lever extendingthrougha' said opening and havingoperativeconnectionrwith-ther spindle, one endof said leverbeing.fulcrumed-out: the frame at one side of the spindle and'havin'm itsother end extending outwardly. at" the other 20'? side-0f the spindle, asecond lever-fulcrumed=on":- the frame at a point relatively remote"from "the spindle and having an end thereof extehdingtm? ward thespindle, means for applying a; 'loadrto' said other end of the firstmentioned lever;meansrz for pp y ng a load tosaid end-of the second leveifland means providing a 10st motion connece'n tionbetween the secondlever and saidother'end' of the fir'stmentioned lever.

JOSEPH'GOGANi so

